1. Geometry & Process
m
m
m
2. Temperatures
Β°C
Β°C
Β°C
3. Insulation & Environment
mm
m/s
Advanced Settings (Ξ΅, hi, Ugnd)
β
W/mΒ²K
W/mΒ²K
W/mΒ²K
Thermal Summary
--
Total Heat Loss
--
Avg Surface Temp
β οΈ Surface too hot! Burn risk (> 60Β°C).
Loss Breakdown
| Wetted Wall (Liquid Contact) | -- |
| Dry Wall (Vapor Space) | -- |
| Roof | -- |
| Bottom (Ground) | -- |
| Total Heat Duty | -- |
Visualizer (Liquid Level & Heat Zones)
Technical Notes & Engineering Logic
Variable Definitions
- Q (Heat Loss): Thermal energy lost to ambient per unit time (kW or Btu/h).
- Tsurf: Calculated outer surface temperature of cladding/wall.
- Ugnd: Overall heat transfer coefficient for tank bottom (conduction through soil).
Methodology
- Walls (Cylindrical): Iterative solution balancing internal convection, insulation conduction (R = ln(r2/r1) / (2ΟkL)), and external convection + radiation.
- Convection: Uses Churchill-Bernstein (Forced) or vertical plate correlations (Natural) based on wind speed.
- Roof: Modeled as a flat plate with appropriate view factors.
Standards & References
- API: API 650 (tank construction basis) and API 2000 (venting/thermal breathing context).
- Heat Transfer: Standard convection correlations (ChurchillβBernstein, ChurchillβChu) and flat-plate forced/natural convection relations.
- Radiation: StefanβBoltzmann law with linearized radiation coefficient.
- Insulation k: Typical industry ranges for common insulation types (confirm vendor datasheets for final design).
Assumptions
- Steady-state heat transfer.
- Tank contents are well-mixed (uniform Tliq).
- Advanced settings (Ξ΅, internal h) default to typical industrial values but can be tuned for specific cases.