For Vertical vessels, heights are from the bottom Tangent-Line
(T-T). For Horizontal, heights are from the bottom of the vessel.
Actions
Sizing Results
Trial Diameter (D):-
Calculated Length (L, T-T):-
Resulting L/D Ratio:-
Volume Breakdown (mΒ³)
Cylindrical Volume (T-T):-
Single Head Volume:-
Total Vessel Volume:-
Calculated Level Setpoints (m) & Volumes (mΒ³)
High-High (HH):-
Volume @ HH:-
High (H):-
Volume @ H:-
Normal (NLL):-
Volume @ NLL:-
Low (L):-
Volume @ L:-
Low-Low (LL):-
Volume @ LL:-
Rating Results
Total Vessel Volume:-
Volume Breakdown (mΒ³)
Cylindrical Volume (T-T):-
Single Head Volume:-
Total Heads Volume:-
Calculated Volumes @ Levels (mΒ³)
Volume @ HH:-
Volume @ H:-
Volume @ NLL:-
Volume @ L:-
Volume @ LL:-
Calculated Surge Times (Minutes)
NLL to H:-
H to HH:-
NLL to L:-
L to LL:-
Vessel Visualization
Technical Notes
Variable Definitions
D: vessel internal diameter (m),
r = D/2.
L: shell straight length between tangent lines
(T-T), m.
Vcyl: cylindrical volume (mΒ³) = Ο rΒ² L.
Vhead: single head volume (mΒ³) (depends on head type).
Vtot: total vessel volume (mΒ³) =
Vcyl + 2Β·Vhead.
Q: liquid flow rate (mΒ³/h).
t: time band between level setpoints (min).
ΞV: holdup volume between two levels (mΒ³) =
Q Β· t / 60.
LL, L, NLL, H, HH: level setpoints;
definition/spacing is project-specific.
Formulas / Logic
Head volumes (screening):
Hemispherical head: V = (Ο/12)Β·DΒ³.
2:1 Ellipsoidal head:
V β (Ο/24)Β·DΒ³.
Torispherical (ASME F&D approximation): empirical
V β 0.0898Β·ΟΒ·DΒ³.
Vertical level β volume: volume at height h
from bottom T-T is bottom-head volume + cylindrical volume up to
h (clamped to L).
Horizontal level β volume: uses
circular-segment area for the shell plus a geometric
approximation for head contribution (consistent/continuous with
shell).
Sizing mode: converts each time band into ΞV,
sums required holdup LLβHH, then estimates L from
V/Area with conservative LL base and
optional freeboard.
Rating mode: computes volumes at entered
levels, then surge times as
t = 60Β·ΞV/Q.
Head-volume formulas are standard geometry relationships;
torispherical is an engineering approximation (screening). Final
mechanical details depend on actual head dimensions (crown/knuckle
radii).
Assumptions / Notes
This tool is for
process holdup / surge sizing and level-volume
consistency. It does not replace full separator sizing (gas
capacity, droplet settling, etc.).
Alarm/trip bands (NLL/H/HH and NLL/L/LL) should follow project
control philosophy and operability requirements.
For horizontal vessels, liquid volume vs height is nonlinear;
ensure setpoints avoid excessively steep dV/dh near very low or
very high levels.
Always confirm minimum pump NPSH and suction submergence
requirements before setting LL.
For final design, confirm with vendor/mechanical drawings:
actual head type, dimensions, nozzle intrusions, internals, and
corrosion allowance.
Standards / References
ASME BPVC Section VIII (vessel construction
terminology and head geometries for mechanical design).
Perryβs Chemical Engineersβ Handbook / standard process design
texts for vessel volume geometry relationships.
Project/Company process design practices for holdup time,
alarm/trip margins, and operability.
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